[GreenConvert.com] Fwd: Nature contents: 13 August 2015

 

-

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

Volume 524 Issue 7564   This Week       Editorials         Science in the community Randomized controlled trials are providing evidence about interventions in health, education and international development, but they are only part of a suite of useful tools.   World View         The future of science will soon be upon us The European Commission has abandoned consideration of 'Science 2.0', finding it too ambitious. That was the wrong call, says Colin Macilwain.   Seven Days         The week in science: 7–13 August 2015 Scotland says no to GM; 3D printed drugs; and Ada Initiative bows out. Research Highlights         Zoology: Light show lures prey | Conservation: Poverty drives forest raiders | Neurodevelopment: Mouse brain cells made primate-like | Astronomy: Stars align to show new planet | Vaccinology: How the Ebola vaccine protects | Geology: Why Nepal quake was so damaging | Cell biology: Chemicals switch cells' identity | Zoology: Venomous frogs headbutt foe Social Selection Bioethics accused of doing more harm than good

Join us this September for the Naturejobs Career Expo London 2015! This career fair offers young, talented researchers an excellent opportunity to meet a diverse selection of national and international employers from academic institutions and scientific industries. The event is free and offers you a chance to get your CV checked, meet and network with employers and leading scientific institutions and attend useful workshops. Register and find out more.

News in Focus   Japan's nuclear revival won't lower carbon emissions enough Return to nuclear energy is part of a plan that is not in line with global climate target. Davide Castelvecchi   Millennium Villages Project launches retrospective analysis Anti-poverty programme seeks to gauge success after ten years in Africa. Jeff Tollefson GM-crop opponents expand probe into ties between scientists and industry Activist group compels records from 40 researchers at US public universities. Keith Kloor   Proposed Ebola biobank would strengthen African science International public-health officials discuss how to maximize research benefits of a widely dispersed collection. Erika Check Hayden Age of the neutrino: Plans to decipher mysterious particle take shape A graphical guide to four giant experiments spread across the world. Elizabeth Gibney   Features         Can randomized trials eliminate global poverty? A new generation of economists is trying to transform global development policy through the power of randomized controlled trials. Jeff Tollefson Multimedia       Podcast: 13 August 2015 This week, making chemists' lives easier, updating a centuries-old sunspot record, and anti-GM activists get their hands on scientists' inboxes. Jungle Genetics How do you map the DNA of an entire tropical mountain? Nature Video finds out how modern techniques are being combined with the methods of Victorian naturalists…

Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study (NDIAS), Call for Fellows in the Sciences for 2016-2017 NDIAS supports research in all disciplines that extends inquiry on questions of value. Fellows receive stipends, subsidized housing, research funds, an office, and opportunities for engagement. Scientists whether distinguised or beginning a career are invited to apply. Application deadline: October 15, 2015. To learn more: ndias.nd.edu.

Comment   Sustainability: Don't waste seafood waste Turning cast-off shells into nitrogen-rich chemicals would benefit economies and the environment, say Ning Yan and Xi Chen. Ning Yan, Xi Chen Books and Arts         Embodied cognition: A grasp on human thinking Elsbeth Stern weighs up two studies probing the idea of the brain as the body's servant. Elsbeth Stern Books in brief Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks. Barbara Kiser Physics: She did it all Val Gibson enjoys the autobiography of Mary K. Gaillard, the first female physics professor at Berkeley. Val Gibson Correspondence         Resources: Partner crop plants with solar facilities Sujith Ravi   STEM teaching: use more innovations Luke Holbrook STEM teaching: avoid Swiss-cheese effect Farhan R. Khan, Gary T. Banta, Christina Sørensen   Policy: The future of public trust in science Jerome Ravetz, Andrea Saltelli Sustainability: Solar ovens beaten by rain and tortillas Gordon Bauer, Sarah Vukelich

Research   NEW ONLINE         Biodiversity: Multiple origins of mountain life A study of DNA sequences from more than 1,800 organisms on Mount Kinabalu in Borneo reveals the evolutionary mechanisms that led to the mountain's high and unique biodiversity. Cell biology: Tagged tags engage disposal Damaged organelles called mitochondria were once thought to be disposed of by a simple signalling cascade. Cell-based analyses now reveal that a network of complicated molecular interactions initiates disposal. Organic chemistry: Light opens pathways for nickel catalysis The report of a light-activated catalyst that generates usually inaccessible nickel intermediates provides a general strategy that might allow elusive catalytic reactions to be realized. Structural biology: Lipid gymnastics Crystal structures of the bacterial protein PglK uncover structural features that suggest how the protein 'flips' lipid-bound oligosaccharide molecules from one side of the cell membrane to the other. The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 recruits autophagy receptors to induce mitophagy The PINK1 ubiquitin kinase is shown to recruit the two autophagy receptors NDP52 and OPTN to mitochondria to activate mitophagy directly, independently of the ubiquitin ligase parkin; once recruited to mitochondria, NDP52 and OPTN recruit autophagy initiation components, and parkin may amplify the phospho-ubiquitin signal generated by PINK1, resulting in robust autophagy induction. Structure and mechanism of an active lipid-linked oligosaccharide flippase The X-ray crystal structure of the ABC transporter PglK, which facilitates the flipping of lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) in C. jejuni, in inward- and outward-facing states is solved; the structures and follow-up biochemical experiments support an unprecedented mechanism in which the polyprenyl tail of LLO remains partially embedded in the lipid bilayer, and the pyrophosphate-oligosaccharide head group is flipped into the outward-facing cavity after ATP is hydrolysed. The zinc transporter ZIP12 regulates the pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia Zinc transporter ZIP12 expression is increased in many cell types in remodelled mammalian pulmonary arterioles in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. The pre-vertebrate origins of neurogenic placodes A study showing that tunicates possess a proto-placodal ectoderm that produces neurons with dual neurosecretory and chemosensory function, which may represent the ancestral origin of placode-derived neurons in vertebrates. Structural basis of JAZ repression of MYC transcription factors in jasmonate signalling Structural view of a dynamic molecular switch mechanism that governs repression and activation of the jasmonate plant hormone pathway. Reactivation of multipotency by oncogenic PIK3CA induces breast tumour heterogeneity PIK3CA mutations are associated with distinct types of human breast cancers but the cellular origin and mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity were unclear; here, using a genetic approach in mice, PIK3CA mutations are shown to activate a genetic program directing multiple cell fates in normally lineage-restricted cell types. PIK3CAH1047R induces multipotency and multi-lineage mammary tumours PIK3CA mutations are associated with distinct types of human breast cancers but the cellular origin and mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity were unclear; here, using a genetic approach in mice, the PIK3CAH1047R mutation is shown to induce multipotent stem-like cells and mammary tumours with different levels of malignancy depending on the cell of origin. Mutations in DCHS1 cause mitral valve prolapse Two mutations in the gene DCHS1 are shown to cause non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP), a common cardiac valve disease; understanding the role of DCHS1 in mitral valve development and MVP pathogenesis holds therapeutic potential. Measurement-based control of a mechanical oscillator at its thermal decoherence rate A position sensor is demonstrated that is capable of resolving the zero-point motion of a nanomechanical oscillator in the timescale of its thermal decoherence; it achieves an imprecision that is four orders of magnitude below that at the standard quantum limit and is used to feedback-cool the oscillator to a mean photon number of five. Conformational dynamics of a class C G-protein-coupled receptor smFRET is used to probe the activation mechanism of two full-length mammalian glutamate receptors, revealing that the extracellular ligand-binding domains of these G-protein-coupled receptors interconvert between three confirmations (resting, activated and a short-lived intermediate state), and that the efficacy of an orthosteric agonist correlates with the degree of occupancy of the active state. Switching on elusive organometallic mechanisms with photoredox catalysis Despite advances in carbon–carbon fragment couplings, the ability to forge carbon–oxygen bonds in a general fashion via nickel catalysis has been largely unsuccessful; here, visible-light-excited photoredox catalysts are shown to provide transient access to Ni(iii) species that readily participate in reductive elimination, leading to carbon–oxygen coupling. SEC14L2 enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture Hepatitis C virus cannot replicate in cell culture unless it possesses adaptive mutations; here, expression of cellular factor SEC14L2 is shown to allow replication of diverse hepatitis C virus genotypes in several hepatoma cell lines by enhancing vitamin E-mediated protection against lipid peroxidation. Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain Investigating the evolutionary origins of montane biodiversity by sampling the entire biota from a single mountain, Mount Kinabalu in Borneo, allows for a better understanding not only of the origins of endemism, but also of this biota's forecasted response to environmental change. Corrigendum: Bipolar seesaw control on last interglacial sea level News and Views         Organic chemistry: A cure for catalyst poisoning Marcus E. Farmer, Phil S. Baran Regenerative biology: Maintaining liver mass Kenneth S. Zaret DNA replication: Strand separation unravelled Matthew L. Bochman, Anthony Schwacha   Nature Genetics in association with the Wellcome Trust present: THE GENOMICS OF COMMON DISEASES 2015 September 2-5, 2015 | Cambridge, UK  REGISTER NOW! Particle physics: Matter and antimatter scrutinized Klaus P. Jungmann   Molecular biology: It takes two to untangle Harm H. Kampinga Longevity: Mapping the path to a longer life Morris F. White   Articles         Self-renewing diploid Axin2+ cells fuel homeostatic renewal of the liver In the uninjured liver, a population of self-renewing, diploid hepatocytes is identified near the central vein; these cells respond to Wnt signals that are provided by the adjacent central vein endothelial cells, and can give rise to all other hepatocytes to maintain liver homeostasis. Bruce Wang, Ludan Zhao, Matt Fish et al. Structure of the eukaryotic MCM complex at 3.8 Å Cryo-electron microscopy is used to visualize the double hexamer of the eukaryotic minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM), which is assembled during the G1 phase of DNA replication; two interdigitated hexamers have a central channel that tightly fits a DNA duplex, and the orientation of the tilted single hexamers sheds light on many functional aspects, particularly in the initial origin DNA melting. Ningning Li, Yuanliang Zhai, Yixiao Zhang et al. Letters         A giant protogalactic disk linked to the cosmic web A two-dimensional spectroscopic investigation of a large, luminous filament of the cosmic web near QSO UM287 reveals that the brightest emission region is an extended rotating hydrogen disk with a velocity profile that is characteristic of gas in a 1013-solar-mass dark-matter halo, with a geometry that is strongly suggestive of cold flow accretion. D. Christopher Martin, Mateusz Matuszewski, Patrick Morrissey et al. High-precision comparison of the antiproton-to-proton charge-to-mass ratio OPEN The CPT theorem (the assumption that physical laws are invariant under simultaneous charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal) is central to the standard model of particle physics; here the charge-to-mass ratio of the antiproton is compared to that of the proton, with a precision of 69 parts per trillion, and the result supports the CPT theorem at the atto-electronvolt scale. S. Ulmer, C. Smorra, A. Mooser et al. Rejuvenation of metallic glasses by non-affine thermal strain This study shows that metallic glasses can be rejuvenated (taken to higher energy states with more plasticity) by thermally cycling them at relatively low temperatures (well below the glass transition temperature); this is attributed to the effect of intrinsic structural inhomogeneities in the glassy state, which translate into localized internal strains as the temperature is cycled and the different regions expand and contract by different amounts. S. V. Ketov, Y. H. Sun, S. Nachum et al. Graphene kirigami The ratio of in-plane stiffness to out-of-plane bending stiffness of graphene is shown to be similar to that of a piece of paper, which allows ideas from kirigami (a variation of origami that allows cutting) to be applied to micrometre-scale graphene sheets to build mechanically stretchable yet robust electrodes, springs and hinges. Melina K. Blees, Arthur W. Barnard, Peter A. Rose et al. Dosage delivery of sensitive reagents enables glove-box-free synthesis A method of supplying exactly the amounts of air- and moisture-sensitive catalysts and ligands needed for three commonly used syntheses in a stable, storable form in a sealed capsule is described; it should reduce the unnecessary waste of chemicals, money and time. Aaron C. Sather, Hong Geun Lee, James R. Colombe et al. The role of ridges in the formation and longevity of flat slabs Flat-slab subduction is often proposed to cause deformation of continental crust far from plate boundaries as well as unusual patterns of volcanism; a study of the largest-known flat slab, located in Peru, now shows that the ridge is necessary for the formation and longevity of the flat slab, whereas other contributing factors such as trench retreat and suction alone will not suffice. Sanja Knezevic Antonijevic, Lara S. Wagner, Abhash Kumar et al. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor Analysis of DNA from a 37,000–42,000-year-old modern human from Romania reveals that 6–9% of the genome is derived from Neanderthals, with the individual having a Neanderthal ancestor as recently as four to six generations back. Qiaomei Fu, Mateja Hajdinjak, Oana Teodora Moldovan et al. The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties OPEN Octopus bimaculoides genome and transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that a core gene repertoire broadly similar to that of other invertebrate bilaterians is accompanied by expansions in the protocadherin and C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor families and large-scale genome rearrangements closely associated with octopus-specific transposable elements. Caroline B. Albertin, Oleg Simakov, Therese Mitros et al. Identification of cis-suppression of human disease mutations by comparative genomics Patterns of amino acid conservation have been used to guide the interpretation of the disease-causing potential of genetic variants in patients; now, an appreciable fraction of pathogenic alleles are shown to be fixed in the genomes of other species, suggesting that the genomic context has an important role in allele pathogenicity. Daniel M. Jordan, Stephan G. Frangakis, Christelle Golzio et al. Genetic compensation induced by deleterious mutations but not gene knockdowns Zebrafish embryos injected with egfl7 morpholino exhibit severe vascular defects but egfl7 mutants do not show any obvious phenotypes, illustrating the power of comparing mutants and morphants to identify modifier genes. Andrea Rossi, Zacharias Kontarakis, Claudia Gerri et al. Metabolic rescue in pluripotent cells from patients with mtDNA disease Mutations in mitochondrial (mt)DNA are associated with severe disorders for which treatment is currently limited; this study shows that mtDNA mutations can be genetically corrected and normal metabolic function restored in cells derived from patients with mtDNA disease and reprogrammed to pluripotency through factor-mediated reprogramming or via a somatic cell nuclear transfer approach. Hong Ma, Clifford D. L. Folmes, Jun Wu et al. Live imaging RNAi screen reveals genes essential for meiosis in mammalian oocytes A high-content phenotypic screening method has been developed allowing the first systematic RNA interference screen for nearly 800 genes mediating mammalian meiosis. Sybille Pfender, Vitaliy Kuznetsov, Michał Pasternak et al. The CREB coactivator CRTC2 controls hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating SREBP1 Studies in mice reveal that CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) acts as a mediator of mTOR signalling in the liver to regulate SREBP1-controlled lipid homeostasis during feeding and diabetes; overexpression of a CRTC2 mutant defective for mTOR regulation improves the lipogenic program and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Jinbo Han, Erwei Li, Liqun Chen et al. Crucial HSP70 co-chaperone complex unlocks metazoan protein disaggregation An efficient protein disaggregation system uncovered in metazoan cells requires transient interactions between J-protein co-chaperones of classes A and B, which synergistically boost HSP70-dependent disaggregation activity, providing a flexible further level of regulation for metazoan protein quality control, with direct relevance to human diseases such as age-related neurodegeneration. Nadinath B. Nillegoda, Janine Kirstein, Anna Szlachcic et al. X-ray structure of a mammalian stearoyl-CoA desaturase The crystal structure of mouse SCD1 bound to fatty acid stearoyl-CoA is solved at 2.6 Å resolution; the structure reveals a novel geometry for the dimetal centre, and the acyl chain of the bound fatty acid is shown to be shielded and shaped to a particular conformation by the enzyme, providing a structural basis for the selectivity of fatty acid metabolism. Yonghong Bai, Jason G. McCoy, Elena J. Levin et al.

Careers & Jobs   Feature         Biomedical research: Drug hunters wanted Jeffrey M. Perkel Career Guide         Career guide: Asia-Pacific Nic Fleming Rising in the East China Japan Australia Singapore South Korea New Zealand Futures       Uninhabitable zone Approach with extreme caution. Ian Stewart

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research Associate     University College London (UCL)            Post-doctoral Research Scholar     University of Miami            Investigator Scientist     Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology            Lecturer / Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography     University of Glasgow          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.

natureevents directory featured events         The Annual Conference of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders     13 July 2016 Amsterdam         Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).

For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department at registration@nature.com For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department at subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

__._,_.___

---

Posted by: Africa Realities <africarealities@gmail.com>

---

Reply via web post

•

Reply to sender

•

Reply to group

•

Start a New Topic

•

Messages in this topic (1)

More: http://www.greenconvert.com

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Post message: GreenConvert@yahoogroups.com
Subscribe: GreenConvert-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
Unsubscribe: GreenConvert-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Please consider the environment before printing this email or any attachments.
_____________________________________________________________________
Online Scholarships for Higher Education And Research : http://www.scholarshipsgate.com
____________________________________________________________________

Visit Your Group

• Privacy • Unsubscribe • Terms of Use

.

__,_._,___